Introduction

Green Chilli, also known as Capsicum spp. is being used in almost every cuisine as spices for its pungency, color and flavor & has many health benefits . It is being used for the preparation of different palatable items. Its several nutritive and medicinal properties make it additionally significant. Green Chillis contains Gulonolactone and a high amount of Vit. C. Other vitamins in Green Chillis include vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin K and minerals like calcium, magnesium, folate, potassium, thiamin, iron, copper etc. Capsaicin is the major bioactive compound in chili responsible for its pungent taste and distinct medicinal activities. This component is derived from Chillis and used in ointments and gels to reduce the sense of pain. It also acts as an immunity booster for the treatment and prevention of many chronic ailments, such as heart disease and type-2 diabetes. It also helps reduce weight and prevents the rapid growth of prostate cancer. 

Know more about Green Chillis nutrition, benefits, side effects, etc.

Green Chilli Nutrition Value Per 100 gm

Fresh Green Chillies are a great source of vitamin C. Chili contains a good amount of other antioxidants such as vitamin A, B-complex group of vitamins such as niacin,  pyridoxine (vitamin  B6),  riboflavin and thiamin  (vitamin  B1)  and flavonoids like β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and cryptoxanthin. Green Chilli also carries different minerals like potassium,  manganese,  iron,  and magnesium that add to its nutritional value.  Here’s the nutritional value of Green Chilli per 100 gm.

Nutritional Component	Value
Carbohydrates	9.46 g
Proteins	2 g
Fats	0.2 g
Fibre	1.5 g
Sugar	5.1 g
Iron	1.2 mg
Calcium	18 mg
Phosphorous	46 mg
Magnesium	25 mg
Potassium	340 mg
Copper	0.174 mg
Zinc	0.3 mg
Sodium	7 mg
Manganese	0.1 mg
Vitamin C	109 mg
Vitamin B6	0.1 mg
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)	0.061 mg
Vitamin A	530 IU
Folate	10.4 mcg
Calcium	8.1 mg

Types Of Green Chilli

The following are the types of Green Chillies used in Indian cuisine:

1. Hari Mirch: This is the generic term for Green Chillies in Hindi. These Chillies are commonly used in everyday cooking for adding heat to dishes.

2. Jwala Chilli: Originating from Gujarat, Jwala Chillies are small, slender, and highly pungent. They are often used fresh in curries and pickles.

3. Kanthari Chilli: Also known as bird’s eye chilli, this variety is popular in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. These tiny Chillies pack a powerful punch and are used in spicy dishes and pickles.

4. Bhut Jolokia: Known as the ghost pepper, this Assamese chilli is among the hottest in the world. It is used sparingly in chutneys and spicy sauces.

5. Kashmiri: One of the most popular varieties, Kashmiri chilli is grown in Jammu & Kashmir. It is mild and provides a rich colour to dishes, including curries and biryani. It is also high in Vitamin C.

6. Ramnad Mundu: Originating from Tamil Nadu, these round Chillies have moderate heat and are used in South Indian cuisine including sambar and rasam.

7. Byadgi Chilli: Hailing from Karnataka, Byadgi Chillies are less pungent and more mild. They are dried and used for dishes that require a rich colour without too much heat.

8. Serrano: While not native to India, these Chilies are also used in Indian cuisine. Moderately hot, they can be used fresh with salsas, chutneys, and marinades.

9. Finger Hot: These Chillies are moderately hot and are used in stir-fries, curries, and pickles.

10. Naga Chilli: Another extremely hot chilli originating in the Northeastern region of India. Used in very small quantities as it has an intense heat, in chutneys and spicy pastes.

As seen, all chillies are different and provide a distinctive flavour and level of heat to Indian cuisine.

Properties of Green Chilli

Here are the medicinal properties of Green Chillies:

• Anti-inflammatory: Capsaicin is a phenolic compound responsible for the pungency of Green Chillies. It acts as a potent inhibitor of substance P, a neuropeptide linked with inflammatory processes. By inhibiting substance P, capsaicin helps reduce inflammation and stimulate blood flow to the affected area, promoting healing and reducing pain.
• Anti-Clotting Activity:  Capsaicin in Green Chilis has been shown to possess anti-coagulant properties, helping to prevent the formation of blood clots. This activity is beneficial for maintaining healthy blood circulation and reducing the risk of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and other clot-related disorders.
• Anaesthetic Activities: Capsaicin in Green Chilis can relieve pain by desensitising sensory neurons. When applied topically or consumed, it temporarily blocks pain signals from being transmitted to the brain, acting as a natural anaesthetic. This property is particularly useful in topical creams for conditions like arthritis and neuropathic pain.
• Anti-Microbial Activities: Capsaicin exhibits anti-microbial properties, which help in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. This makes Green Chillies effective in preventing infections and preserving food by reducing microbial contamination.
• Anti-Obesity Activities: Capsaicin in Green Chilis can also promote weight loss by increasing metabolism and enhancing fat oxidation. It stimulates thermogenesis, the process by which the body generates heat, leading to increased calorie burning. Regular consumption of capsaicin-rich foods can thus aid in weight management.
• Anti-cancer properties: Capsaicin in Green Chilis has been found to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in various cancer cell lines. It disrupts cancer cell growth and proliferation by affecting cellular signalling pathways. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help neutralise free radicals, reducing the risk of cancer development.

10 Top Benefits of Green Chilli for Health

Capsaicin, the major bioactive compound in chilli, is responsible for its pungent taste and distinct benefits. The health benefits of eating Green Chilli are:

1. Benefits of Green Chilli for arthritis pain

Green chillies contain capsaicin, which has an anti-inflammatory effect. Capsaicin blocks pain signals sent to the brain and reduces inflammation; therefore, it can be useful for treating arthritis-related pain.

Also Read – All You Need to Know About Diet in Arthritis

2. Benefits of Green Chilli for psoriasis 

Capsaicin in Green Chillies can help reduce the redness, scaling, and pain associated with psoriasis. It works by inhibiting the production of substance P, a neuropeptide involved in inflammation and pain. 

3. Benefits of Green Chilli for diabetic neuropathy

Capsaicin can relieve pain caused by diabetic neuropathy by desensitising nerve receptors and blocking pain signals. Topical creams containing capsaicin are often used to manage this condition.

4. Benefits of Green Chilli for heart health

Green chillies are useful to a person’s heart by enriching its proper functioning. They contain antioxidants that reduce the risk of inflammation and oxidative stress on the heart. They also play a role in reducing cholesterol levels and proper blood circulation. As a result, the risk of disease attack is reduced.

Also Read: Home Remedies for Reduce Cholesterol Level

5. Benefits of eating Green Chilli for immunity

Green chillies play a role in boosting immunity other than just offering flavour. They contain Vitamin C and beta-carotene, which facilitate immune system functioning. Therefore, they help in the fight against diseases and enhance the required immune function.

6. Benefits of Green Chilli for prostate cancer 

Capsaicin in Green Chillies has been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells and induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancerous cells, helping to prevent and slow the progression of the disease.

7. Benefits of eating Green Chilli for stomach ulcers

Capsaicin helps prevent stomach infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, the main cause of gastric ulcers. It inhibits acid secretion, stimulates the production of mucus and alkali, and improves blood flow to the stomach lining, aiding in the prevention and healing of ulcers.

Read Also: Stomach ulcer: overview, causes, symptoms and treatment

8. Benefits of Green Chilli for diabetes 

Green chillies facilitate the reduction of diabetes rate risks as they support insulin regulation. Also, it promotes a reduction in blood level sugar. They also help improve metabolism, which is beneficial for managing diabetes.

9. Benefits of Green Chilli for sinusitis and congestion (anti-rhinitis agent) 

Capcisin in Green Chillis is useful in thinning mucus and opening the sinus passage. It also has a unique antibacterial property which fights chronic sinus infections and relieves the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Eating Green Chillies increases nasal secretion, providing relief from a congested nose.

10. Benefits of eating Green Chilli for weight loss 

It can help in boosting up the metabolism and simultaneously increase fat burning; hence can be used in losing weight. It contains capsaicinoids, which help in suppressing the appetite, hence controlling hunger. You consume fewer calories and ends up in weight loss.

How to Use Green Chilli? 

Green chillies are a staple in Indian cuisine, adding heat and flavour to almost every dish. Here are some common ways to use Green Chillies:

1. Add finely chopped or slit Green Chillies to curries, use them in tadka, and blend it in chutneys.
2. You can also make green chili pickle by marinating whole or sliced chilies in mustard oil, vinegar, salt, and spices like mustard seeds and fenugreek.

Side Effects of Green Chilli

While Green Chillies are a popular ingredient in many dishes, consuming them can have some side effects. Here are a few side effects of Green Chillis:

• Digestive discomfort: Excessive consumption of Green Chillies can cause stomach pain, gas, and diarrhoea.
• Heartburn and Acid Reflux: The capsaicin in Green Chillies can trigger heartburn and acid reflux, especially in individuals with sensitive stomachs or pre-existing conditions.
• Ulcers: While Green Chillis help stomach ulcers, consuming large amounts of Green Chillies at once may aggravate the existing ulcers in the digestive tract.
• Bladder Irritation: Capsaicin can irritate the bladder, potentially leading to increased urinary frequency or discomfort in some individuals.

Precautions to Take With Green Chilli

Follow these precautions for the safe use of Green Chillies: 

• Skin and Eye Irritation: Handling Green Chillies can cause skin irritation and burning sensations. If the capsaicin comes into contact with your eyes, it can lead to severe irritation and discomfort. To avoid skin contact of Green Chillies, use disposable or reusable kitchen gloves while cutting or handling Green Chillies to protect your skin from direct contact with capsaicin. You can also apply a small amount of cooking oil to your hands before handling Green Chillies. The oil acts as a barrier, reducing capsaicin absorption.
• Hemorrhoids or Piles: Patients with haemorrhoids are often instructed to avoid spicy foods, including Green Chillies. It can exacerbate the symptoms of haemorrhoids, causing discomfort and pain during bowel movements.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Green chillies contain capsaicin, which can relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and increase stomach acid production, leading to heartburn and acid reflux. If you have GERD, it’s best to avoid or significantly limit the intake of Green Chillies to prevent triggering symptoms.

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