What Is Music Therapy?
Music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions by a board-certified music therapist (MT-BC) to achieve individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship. It is a powerful, non-invasive discipline that uses the power of music to support mental, emotional, and physical well-being across the lifespan [1]. It can be helpful for people of all ages, whether for relaxation, stress reduction, or cognitive and emotional support. This article explores the principles of music therapy and its potential benefits, drawing on scientific research and emphasizing the importance of consulting a qualified professional.
Music’s influence on the mind and body is multifaceted; it can act as a distraction, help regulate the body’s rhythms, and alter mood [2]. A music therapist designs sessions based on the client’s therapeutic objectives, physical health, communication ability, cognitive capabilities, emotional well-being, and musical interests. The sessions may involve creating music (active music therapy) or listening to music (receptive music therapy).
Approaches in Music Therapy
The field encompasses various theoretical and practical approaches. While a general audience does not need to know every specific theoretical model, understanding the main approaches is helpful.
- Guided Imagery and Music (GIM): Developed by Helen Lindquist Bonny, GIM is a receptive method where the patient listens to specially selected classical music while concentrating on a picture or visual, using the imagery as a springboard for therapeutic discussion.
- Cognitive Behavioural Music Therapy (CBMT): This approach integrates music with cognitive-behavioral techniques to change maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors.
- Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT): NMT is a standardized scientific approach based on neuroscience, focusing on how the brain processes and responds to music to improve non-musical functions such as speech, motor control, and cognition, often used in rehabilitation settings.
Music for Daily Stress Management
You can incorporate music into your daily life to experience numerous stress-relieving benefits. Because you can listen to music while you’re doing other things, it’s a convenient tool that doesn’t require dedicated time.
Specific times to integrate relaxing music:
- When Getting Ready in the Morning: To set a positive tone for the day.
- During a Commute: To mitigate road stress and promote calm.
- While Cooking or Engaging in Chores: To make routine tasks more enjoyable.
- Before Bed: To signal the body to relax and prepare for sleep.
Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Music Therapy
The positive effects of music on health are largely attributed to its ability to modulate the body’s stress response. Studies suggest that listening to music, especially music you enjoy, can prompt the release of dopamine (associated with pleasure and reward) [2]. Furthermore, certain types of music may affect various physiological markers.
Based on current research, music therapy has been associated with the following potential benefits:
Reduces Stress and Anxiety:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 studies found that music therapy significantly reduced anxiety and tension in both healthy individuals and medical patients [3]. The most effective music for relaxation typically has a slow tempo, low pitch, and lacks lyrics [3].
May Improve Mood:
Music can enhance overall well-being and foster relaxation by influencing neurotransmitter levels and promoting emotional regulation [2].
Pain Management:
Music has been shown to significantly impact the perception of pain in various settings, including geriatric care, critical care, and palliative medicine, by acting as a strong distraction and altering pain pathways in the brain [1].
Assists in Managing Physical Symptoms:
Some studies indicate that listening to calming music may help lower heart rate and blood pressure [1]. Additionally, it has been observed to help reduce the levels of the stress hormone cortisol while potentially increasing levels of serotonin and endorphins [1, 2].
Cognitive and Communication Support:
Music therapy can be used to improve self-expression, communication, and motor skills, particularly in rehabilitation for conditions like stroke or Parkinson’s disease, and in treating symptoms of some mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia [1].
However, it is crucial to note that while research is promising, the effects are not entirely understood, and further large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to fully corroborate all claims about the clinical benefits of music therapy as a stand-alone treatment [1].
Conclusion
Music therapy offers a powerful, non-invasive, and accessible tool for healing and enhancing well-being. Whether used alone or, more commonly, in conjunction with conventional medical or psychological treatment, music can help reduce stress, improve mood, promote recovery, and foster emotional connection. So the next time you’re feeling stressed, anxious, or disconnected, consider consulting a certified music therapist or simply press play.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your Primary Care Physician (MD/DO) or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or before beginning any new wellness practice, especially if you have an existing medical condition or are on medication.
References
[1] National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2022, September). Music and health: What you need to know. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/music-and-health-what-you-need-to-know
[2] Rebecchini, L. (2021). Music, mental health, and immunity. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health, 18(100374), 100374. National Library of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100374
[3] Witte, M., Pinho, A. da S., Stams, G.-J., Moonen, X., Bos, A. E. R., & van Hooren, S. (2020). Music therapy for stress reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 16(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1846580
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