Karela (Bitter Gourd): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

What is a Karela?

Karela, also known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is a unique vegetable which is elongated, bumpy, and oblong in shape, resembling a small cucumber with rough, green skin. It contains soft, pale-green flesh with small, flat seeds clustered in the centre. While the entire karela plant is edible, including its leaves and seeds, it’s primarily the fruit or gourd that is consumed. The flesh of the karela is edible, although the seeds are also consumed in some culinary preparations. Despite its bitter taste, karela is valued for its nutritional benefits and culinary versatility.
Keep reading to learn more about karela or bitter melon benefits, its nutritional value, precautions, and much more.

Common Names of Karela

Karela, also known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, has various common names across different regions and languages. Some of these names include Balsam pear, bitter cucumber, bitter apple, bitter squash, African cucumber, bitter gourd, and bitter melon. These names reflect the vegetable’s characteristic bitter taste and its resemblance to other fruits and vegetables.

Nutritional Value in Karela

Bitter gourd, or karela, is a nutritious vegetable with essential nutrients. It contains carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, and valuable vitamins like vitamin C and vitamin A. Additionally, it provides calcium, potassium, iron, and dietary fibre, making it a healthy addition to any diet. Here are the nutrients in karela:

Nutrients	Nutritional Value
Water	94 g
Carbohydrate	3.7 g
Protein	1 g
Fat	0.17 g
Energy	17 kcal
Fibre	2.8 g
Calcium	19 mg
Magnesium	17 mg
Iron	0.43 mg
Sodium	5 mg
Potassium	296 mg
Copper	0.034 mg
Zinc	0.8 mg
Selenium	0.2  µg
Manganese	0.089 mg
Vitamin A	24  µg
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)	0.04 mg
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)	0.04 mg
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)	0.4 mg
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)	0.212 mg
Vitamin B6	0.043 mg
Vitamin B9 (Folate)	72  µg
Vitamin C	84 mg

Properties of Karela

Karela juice is beneficial in lowering blood sugar levels due to its hypoglycemic activity. Here are the other medicinal properties of karela that make it a valuable vegetable:

• Antidiabetic property: Bitter gourd helps regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes.
• Antioxidant property: Rich in antioxidants, karela combats oxidative stress and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.
• Anticancer property: Certain compounds in karela have shown potential in preventing and inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.
• Anti-inflammatory property: Karela alleviates inflammation, promoting overall health and well-being.
• Astringent property: It tightens tissues, improving skin health and wound healing.
• Hypo-lipidemic property: Bitter gourd aids in lowering cholesterol levels, supporting heart health.
• Immuno modulator property: It enhances the body’s immune response, strengthening defence mechanisms.
• Anti-diarrheal property: Karela is a useful medicine in the early stages of Cholera, other diarrhoea and related digestive issues.
• Antimicrobial property: It also exhibits antimicrobial activity, protecting against various infections.

Benefits of Karela

Karela promotes better digestion and relieves the symptoms of indigestion, such as bloating and discomfort. Regular consumption of this vegetable also helps detoxify the body and eliminate excess bilirubin, thus reducing the risk of jaundice. The other benefits of karela includes:

1) Promotes Weight Loss

Eating Karela can aid in weight loss due to its low calorie and high fiber content, promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing overall calorie intake. Additionally, its compounds may enhance metabolism and fat burning processes in the body, contributing to weight management. Incorporating Karela into a balanced diet and active lifestyle may support weight loss efforts effectively.

2) Beneficial For the Skin and Hair

Consuming Karela offers skin and hair benefits as it is rich in antioxidants and vitamins like vitamin C and A. These nutrients help fight free radicals, promote collagen production, and maintain skin elasticity, resulting in healthy, glowing skin. Additionally, the vitamins and minerals in Karela support hair health by nourishing the scalp, strengthening hair follicles, and preventing hair loss, leading to lustrous and strong hair strands. Regular consumption of Karela can contribute to improved skin and hair condition, enhancing overall appearance and vitality.

3) Blood Purifier

Karela is considered a blood purifier due to its detoxifying properties. It helps cleanse the blood by eliminating toxins and impurities, which can contribute to clearer skin and improved overall health. The antioxidants and nutrients in Karela support liver function, aiding in the removal of harmful substances from the bloodstream and promoting a regular detoxification.

4) Malaria Prevention and Treatment

Eating karela can contribute to malaria prevention due to its potent anti-malarial properties. Compounds like quinine and charantin found in karela inhibit the growth and reproduction of malaria parasites in the body. Regular karela consumption helps boost immune system, making the body more resistant to malaria infection.

5) Wound Healing

Eating karela also aids in wound healing due to its rich content of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These nutrients help promote tissue repair, collagen synthesis, and immune function, accelerating healing. Karela’s anti-inflammatory properties also reduce inflammation at the wound site, preventing infections and facilitating faster recovery.

6) Nutrient-Rich Source

Karela is abundant in essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a valuable addition to a balanced diet. It provides vitamins A, C, and K and minerals like iron, calcium, and potassium, supporting overall health and well-being. Additionally, its high fibre content aids digestion and promotes satiety, making it beneficial for weight management.

7) Gastrointestinal Health

Karela supports gastrointestinal health by promoting digestion and relieving digestive issues like constipation and indigestion. Its high fibre content aids in regulating bowel movements and preventing constipation, while its natural compounds help reduce inflammation in the digestive tract, promoting overall digestive wellness.

8) Versatile Culinary Use

Karela offers versatility in cooking, being used in various cuisines worldwide. It can be stir-fried, stuffed, pickled, or added to curries and soups, providing a unique bitter flavour and nutritional benefits to dishes. Its adaptability makes it a valuable ingredient for creating flavorful and nutritious meals.

9) Traditional Uses

Karela has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine to treat various ailments. It is valued for regulating blood sugar levels, improving digestion, and purifying the blood. Additionally, it has been utilised to alleviate respiratory issues, boost immunity, and promote overall health. Its bitter taste is believed to stimulate digestive juices and enhance metabolism, making it a staple in traditional cuisines and remedies across cultures.

10) Benefits for Cancer Patients

This vegetable also exhibits potential anticancer properties attributed to its high antioxidant content, which helps neutralise free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, its bioactive compounds have been studied for their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth and promote apoptosis, contributing to cancer prevention and management. Incorporating karela into the diet may support overall health and enhance the body’s natural defence against cancer.

11) Kidney Stone Treatment

Karela also possesses diuretic properties that promote increased urine production, aiding in the flushing out of kidney stones and preventing their formation. Its high water content also helps maintain hydration levels and supports the dissolution of mineral deposits in the kidneys, reducing the risk of stone formation. Regular consumption of karela may contribute to kidney health and alleviate symptoms associated with kidney stones.

12) Diabetes Treatment

Karela contains compounds that mimic insulin’s action, helping regulate blood sugar levels. Its high fibre content slows down glucose absorption, preventing spikes in blood sugar after meals. Regular consumption of karela may improve insulin sensitivity and contribute to better glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

How to Use Karela?

Karela can be used in various culinary dishes to maximise its health benefits. To reduce bitterness, slice the karela, remove the seeds, and soak in salt water for about 30 minutes. It can be stir-fried with spices like cumin, turmeric, and coriander for a flavorful side dish. Alternatively, blend karela with other vegetables to make vegetable smoothies, soups or curries. Karela can also be juiced with lemon or apple to mask its bitterness. Incorporate karela into salads or pickles for added nutrition. Experiment with different cooking methods to find the most enjoyable way to incorporate karela into your diet and reap its health benefits.

Side Effects of Karela

While karela offers numerous health benefits, consuming it excessively may lead to certain side effects. Its bitter taste can be off-putting for some individuals. Additionally, excessive consumption of karela may cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or upset stomach due to its strong purgative properties. Pregnant women should avoid consuming large amounts of karela as it may stimulate uterine contractions, potentially leading to complications. Furthermore, individuals with hypoglycemia should exercise caution as karela can lower blood sugar levels. It’s advisable to consume karela in moderation and consult with a doctor if experiencing any adverse effects.

Precautions to Take While Eating Karela

Before incorporating karela into your diet, it’s essential to consider a few precautions:

• Firstly, individuals with hypoglycemia should monitor their blood sugar levels closely, as karela can lower blood glucose levels.
• Pregnant women should exercise caution and consult with a doctor before consuming karela, as it may stimulate uterine contractions.
• Those with gastrointestinal issues or sensitivity to bitter tastes should consume karela in moderation to avoid digestive discomfort.
• Additionally, those allergic to the Cucurbitaceae family, which includes karela, should refrain from consuming it to avoid allergic reactions.

Interaction of Karela with other medicines

Karela may interact with certain medications, including those used to lower blood sugar levels. When consumed alongside these medications, karela might enhance their effects, potentially leading to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It’s essential for individuals taking diabetes medications or other medicines affected by blood sugar levels to monitor their blood glucose closely and consult with a doctor before incorporating karela into their regimen. Additionally, individuals on medication for blood pressure, blood thinning, or other conditions should exercise caution and seek medical advice before consuming karela to avoid potential adverse interactions.

Takeaway

karela, also known as bitter gourd, has many health benefits. It can help prevent malaria and jaundice, manage diabetes, kidney stones, and piles and heal wounds. It’s packed with nutrients, good for your stomach, and can be used in many recipes. But be careful because it may cause your blood sugar level to lower with antidiabetic medicines. With various bitter gourd benefits and disadvantages, it should be eaten in moderation. If you have diabetes, be sure to discuss it with your doctor before including karela in your diet. You can also explore more about healthy foods and diet tips for diabetes, malaria, piles, kidney stones, indigestion, and medicines to manage these conditions at Truemeds’ online pharmacy.

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